Preparing for the Pain of Basel II
By Martin Owen

The New Basel Capital Accord, more commonly known as Basel II, is fundamentally about improving risk and asset management to avoid financial disasters. Compliance requires all banking institutions to have sufficient assets to offset any risks they may face, represented as an eligible capital to risk aggregate ratio of 8%. Part of this compliance dictates that data capture must be fully operational by 2004, and financial institutions must have three years of data on file by 2007, which of course means that work on this aspect of compliance needs to start now, if it hasn't already started.

If banks are going to have to set aside assets to balance possible risks, then analysing and measuring those risks is going to be paramount. A 1% change in asset allocation may not sound like much, but international banks deal in very large numbers, and 1% can make a significant difference to operation capital.

Operational risk is defined by the Basel Capital Accord as: "The risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events." It is not just about IT, all companies are exposed to operational risk, and the integration of processes, systems and people has to be understood and continually monitored to mitigate these risks.

Risk changes all the time, some risks are known, and can be prepared for, some are unexpected and will need to be understood. The complexity of potential risk factors for financial institutions cannot be over-emphasised. For instance, fraud is a risk factor that might result in a financial loss, but how about the effect fraud might have on reputation and consequent business loss? The bottom line is that financial institutions must be sound enough to weather any storm, without needing to be baled out if their assets come up short, and it is not just nature that must be dealt with.

The challenge of compliance

It has been argued that compliance with Basel II is a software issue, that some cure, along the lines of those associated with Y2K, is needed. But Gartner believes that compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley, and by association Basel II, is not a software issue but a process issue. There is no software equivalent of a silver bullet for Sarbanes-Oxley or Basel II compliance.

Financial institutions should take a step back before they buy packaged Basel II solutions and make sure that they fully understand where compliance begins. A close look at Basel II compliance shows us that at heart it is a knowledge issue. They key areas in Basel II compliance are data capture, reporting and analysis of credit, market and operational risk, and then mitigating perceived risks through business processes, whether automated or performed physically.

In the IT and business world, knowledge starts with data, and risk factors are identified by analysing data, so the logical place to being is data modelling. By understanding how you currently operate and what controls you have or haven't got on the quality of your data, you will begin to identify where your risk areas might be. The basic building blocks for compliance are therefore understanding meta-data, developing data standards and building corporate data models. Like all basic building blocks, everything else will stand or fall on how complete the original data capture is, and decisions based on high-quality information will have better foundations than those based on poor or incomplete information.

The next step is to gain a complete understanding of the processes, roles and skills employed in the operation of the business through business process modelling. Combining data and business processes together then provides an enterprise architecture, which details not only the processes and data themselves, but also the relationships between them. The most popular description of an enterprise architecture is based on the Zachman Framework, which models how all parts of an organisation fit together and provides an "as-is" diagram of the organisation.

Once you have an accurate picture of the organisation, you can then begin to look ahead - and for financial institutions, being able to predict future scenarios will be a valuable tool in Basel II compliance in the long term. Business process simulation can be carried out using the enterprise architecture to examine how potential changes at different points in the organisation affect other areas. Using simulation gives an opportunity to measure risk and predict the cost of failed processes, thus enabling quantification of different potential risk scenarios. These predictions may highlight a need to invest in additional IT applications, demonstrate that current applications are being used inefficiently or they may indicate that business processes need to be addressed. Basing business process simulation on sound original data will be the key to making sound business decisions based on the predictions.

Logic tells us that compliance with any new financial regulations, Basel II, Sarbanes-Oxley, OFR, will be based on the same original data and business processes, thus building Basel II compliance on enterprise architecture will make financial institutions better prepared to meet other regulations now and in the future.

今天去银七星滑雪。两个小时下来，兴奋、紧张、好奇之心暂且按下不表。作为菜鸟一只，理应遵循菜鸟之间互帮互助的精神。本文的主要目的是根据笔者的菜鸟体验，cover一些网上介绍通常不会cover的细节，兴许能对未来的玩家有些微帮助。

 

关于交通

从9点起莘庄地铁站北广场有免费滑雪场班车，每半小时发班。同理，回莘庄地铁站亦有班车接送。车程约15分钟。

 

关于门票

根据朋友建议，可从taobao上购买。比在现场购买便宜20元左右，且免去排队买票的麻烦。

 

关于装备

场地将会提供滑雪服和所有装备。但滑雪服的颜色似乎无法挑选…(喜欢拍照的mm注意了，土黄色的滑雪服非常不好看，唉…玫瑰色的好些)。另外，部分滑雪服拉链无法系紧，会影响保暖效果。鉴于雪场温度在10度以下，建议去时穿着高领衣服。

 

在穿滑雪鞋时，可将滑雪裤塞进鞋帮。这样可以保护自己的裤子和袜子不会进雪。

 

挑选滑雪手杖时，滑雪杖长度是不同的，通过杖上的油漆标记。（红，绿，暗红等）

 

关于教练

初级教练的主要作用是教一些基本技巧，以及在您滑倒时把您拉起来。您可以尝试无师自通，或者通过去前观看一些训练视频，或“旁听”别人的教练学得一些基本的制动技巧。当然代价是当不可避免摔倒时，没有教练在一旁帮助的确很难起身。个人感觉最初和最必要的技巧就是所谓“犁式制动”和“爬起来”的技巧……

 

如果您想在基本学会制动后进一步提高滑雪技能，熟练掌控方向，一位教练恐怕是必要的。不过这不在偶们菜鸟的讨论范围之内。

 

关于摔跤

摔跤是不可避免的，但不会疼，只是在又长又重的双滑板的影响下，爬起来会非常困难。感觉不稳时可以通过滑雪手杖来调整重心。但滑雪手杖点地也基本无制动功能。摔倒时尽量侧摔，不要前摔。摔倒后请冷静地回想一下中学的物理理论（= =），缓慢调整身体姿势，将滑板调整至垂直于滑道的方向……

 

滑雪杖最好套在手腕上，以免摔倒时手杖飞出砸到花花草草……

 

如果您有溜冰的基础，会对滑雪将大有助益。

 

最后通报一下今天的学习成果：

时间：两小时

之前基础：溜冰初级 滑雪无

初级滑道：双板从第三次下滑开始可以逐渐制动

中级滑道：出场前10分钟挑战未果。仍无法在高速时制动。

困扰了我n久的一个问题。被IT告知，没可能解决，你要么重装，要么砸了主板（笔记本的。。。）。好在在几次徒劳的搜索后，还是google帮了忙。再次证明一点——如果知道怎么问问题，问题就已经解决了一大半。

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系统在使用中会间断出现“嘟”的蜂鸣声，A一般是因为系统某个服务或者后台运行的某个程序出错了，用以下的方法可以让系统安静下来，不过治标不治本，建议仅仅是不愿重装系统时用。
 
故障现象： 

系统会有很大的报警声音，嘟嘟或者嘀嘀。通过静音，不能解决问题。将声音方案改成无声或者windows 默认，均不能解决问题。重装声卡驱动，选用其他输入法，现象依旧。在主题和声音方案中设置，不能解决问题。

解决方案：

打开“设备管理器”，点击“查看”，点击“显示隐藏的设备”，找到“非即插即用设备”，双击“beep”，将其改成“不要在当前硬件配置文件中使用这个设备（停用）”

系统提示重启，重启进入设备管理器，可以看到“beep”已经禁用。

CTRL+SHIFT+C

CTRL+SHIFT+V

 

用来复制对象的属性，可当Office中格式刷的快捷键用

物品清单（加粗字体部分为上山需带物品）

 （1）药品 (team有一份即可)

  感冒药（必带）、消炎药，创可贴、风油精or晕车药、云南白药

  其他：（请根据自己情况随身携带）  

  （2）食物

  山上两天共4顿饭，

建议早餐都在山上吃，20元/位，有白粥、鸡蛋、蛋糕、馒头都是一人一份，白粥可以加，一定要吃饱。中餐和晚餐最好自己带

  以下为必带干粮：

  泡面or面包（3顿量）、饼干等高热量小体积食品，

  选带：方便面、真空包装的食物如鸡蛋、榨菜、鸡腿之类、火腿肠、牛肉干等。

  水至少两瓶(第二天的水在山上宾馆补足，山上提供热水，需要凉一个晚上)

  山下食物略

  （3）摄影

  相机

  （4）证件

  身份证、学生证 （必带！！!）

  （5）钱款

  现金800（选带：农行卡，中国银行卡）

  （6）衣物

  穿着：短袖T-shirt+牛仔裤+旅游鞋（夏天爬山装）

  携带：中长袖T-shirt另一件，袜子（较厚的那种） ，外套一件，内衣，手套，雨衣雨裤

  （7）洗漱

  小毛巾、牙刷、牙膏（山上山下宾馆都有简易牙刷牙膏提供，无须带上山）

  （8）杂物

  雨伞，防晒霜、湿纸巾、隐形眼镜、手机（备一块电板）、地图 、行李包和贴身包各一个，垃圾袋, 手杖（爬险峰如天都峰时很有用）、手电筒（看日出必带）

  TIPS

  来黄山驴游，大可不必千里迢迢背一大包物品。只需带上必备的生活用品，药品，个人卫生用品，保暖的衣物，像机等。 雨衣，拐杖，水和食品，雨衣雨裤均可在山下买。手杖（2元）、雨披（1-3元，选质量好一点的）、地图（2元）。建议最好在背包外放一瓶水，饮用方便，包内再放一瓶运动饮料，以备用。

登山过程中，体力消耗大，多带高能食品，或含盐份的。不要带太多甜食（如巧克力），爬山累的时候对其实对甜食没有食欲，且会令人反胃。

 列于2007/5

zz自http://monitorcyz.blogbus.com/logs/4687085.html

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把U盘带到柯达冲印店去打印了2张数码照片，不幸感染了木马。家里的电脑和我的笔记本都多出了一个进程sysos.exe，这毫无疑问是一个随USB移动设备传播的木马。
我的杀毒软件没有报警，在网上也搜索不到关于此进程的任何信息。没办法，只好自己研究了。
第一步，先结束sysos.exe这个进程
第二步，搜索并删除sysos.exe这个文件
第三步，重启。若发现重启后又存在sysos.exe进程，重复第一步和第二步
第四步，修改注册表（开始-〉运行-〉输入regedit)

           在注册表中搜索sysos，删除或者修改相关键值
第五步，关闭自动播放功能，打开文件保护和隐藏，手动删除USB设备下的inf文件和一个隐藏文件夹

 

第一天

8：20 上海火车站大厅口碰头

8：51 上海－镇江火车

12：00 镇江火车站（买好往返的汽车票和回程火车票）

13：30之前 到达扬州（去百汇青年旅社check in）

14：00 个园游玩

16：00 何园游玩

18：00 之后找附近饭店享受扬州美食——福满楼

19：00 乘船游完古运河

 

第二天

6点起床（6：10，6：20，6：30）

7点 到冶春茶社喝早茶（支持早一点，一来避免人太多等的时间太长，二来为金山寺多留点时间）

8：00 整理好东西，check out，去瘦西湖+盆景园

11：30 从扬州乘公交出发去镇江金山寺

12：30 金山寺门外吃饭（镇江小吃）

15：30 从金山寺出发回镇江火车站

16：00 上火车

 

费用：38（火车票）×2 ＋13（汽车票）×2＝102

      住宿一晚：4人间200

      门票：景点连票140（瘦西湖+盆景园+何园+个园+古运河）

            金山寺45 (学生打折，30+8)

      其它费用：当地交通费、吃饭、可能额外支出的景点门票

合计：400－450之间